In this second working paper, we continue to examine how digital food assistance practices interact with political and economic processes, but we focus on the experience of marginalised populations on the receiving end of digitalised food assistance. We conducted fieldwork in five food-insecure parts of Sudan: North and South Darfur, Omdurman, Al-Gezira and Kassala. These places were also selected on the basis of war dynamics (control or ongoing war between Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces), degree of statelessness and presence of international aid organisations. We argue that the current war has contributed to an acceleration of digitalisation, including in aid. That it has concurrently been a lifesaver, a tool for power, and a means of capital accumulation. It could not reach those most in need directly, however, leaving them open to exploitation by those with digital access. Merchants, banks, internet service providers, authorities (including warring parties), and regional or international actors, benefited in different ways, perpetuating and intensifying Sudan’s extractive violent political economy. While the diaspora continue to provide the bulk of aid to Sudan, digitalisation has intensified the disproportionate influence of international organisations, potentially undermining Sudan’s sovereignty

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